Key Points
- Research suggests U.S. banks lent about $1.27 trillion to shadow banks by May 2025, but exact rankings are unclear due to data limits.
- It seems likely major banks like JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America are involved, though specific amounts per bank are not public.
- The evidence leans toward shadow banking posing risks, with growth at 22% annually in 2021, but transparency is a challenge.
- Controversy exists over regulatory oversight, with efforts like the Fed’s FR Y-14 forms aiming for more data, yet details remain confidential.
Background
Shadow banks, or nonbank financial institutions (NBFIs), include entities like hedge funds and private equity firms that operate outside traditional banking regulations. They held about $63 trillion in assets globally in 2022, up from $28 trillion in 2009, per S&P Global estimates . This growth has raised concerns about systemic risks, especially given their role in the 2008 financial crisis.
Total Lending and Growth
Research suggests U.S. bank loans to shadow banks reached $1,273.4 billion by May 14, 2025, based on Federal Reserve H.8 data Federal Reserve H.8 Release on bank assets and liabilities. The FDIC reported a 22% annual growth rate in 2021, compared to 8% in 2017, indicating rapid expansion Financial Stability Risks of Nonbank Financial Institutions | FDIC.gov.
Major Players
It seems likely that major banks like JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America are among those lending, as sources indicate Wall Street banks are involved, though exact figures per bank are not disclosed . Shadow banks like Quicken Loans, PayPal, Rocket, and Mr. Cooper are significant recipients, with Quicken Loans being the largest U.S. mortgage lender .
Global Context
The evidence leans toward shadow banking being a global issue, with significant activity in the U.S., Europe, and China. In China, assets peaked at RMB100 trillion in 2017, declining to RMB70 trillion by 2023 due to regulation . Europeโs ECB and EBA monitor these activities, while the U.S. Fed seeks more data Guidelines on limits on exposures to shadow banking | European Banking Authority.
The Shadowy Web of Bank Loans to Shadow Banks: Unraveling the Trillion-Dollar Conspiracy
Introduction
In the murky depths of the financial world, a trillion-dollar secret lurks: the massive loans from traditional banks to shadow banks. As of May 14, 2025, U.S. banks have lent $1.27 trillion to these unregulated entities, a figure that has grown alarmingly over the years. But who are the real players behind this financial chess game? And what hidden agendas are at play? This article aims to shed light on the dark corners of shadow banking, revealing the names, amounts, and countries involved in this global financial intrigue. As independent journalists, we strive to uncover these hidden truths, ensuring the public is informed about the complexities and risks of our financial system.
Key Data: The Scale of Shadow Banking
The total loans from U.S. banks to shadow banks have reached $1,273.4 billion, marking a significant increase from previous years. This figure is based on the Federal Reserve’s H.8 release, accessed on May 24, 2025, which tracks loans to nondepository financial institutions, a category that includes shadow banks Federal Reserve H.8 Release on bank assets and liabilities. The data shows a steady rise, with amounts increasing from $1,029.2 billion in April 2024 to $1,273.4 billion by May 14, 2025, as detailed in the following table:
| Date | Amount (Billions USD) |
|---|---|
| April 2024 | 1,029.2 |
| October 2024 | 1,118.7 |
| November 2024 | 1,133.6 |
| December 2024 | 1,152.7 |
| January 2025 | 1,166.8 |
| February 2025 | 1,187.7 |
| March 2025 | 1,220.5 |
| April 2025 | 1,255.8 |
| Week ending May 14, 2025 | 1,273.4 |
This growth aligns with Bloomberg’s report from February 2024, noting U.S. bank loans to shadow banks surpassed $1 trillion in January 2024, reflecting significant exposure Shadow Bank Loans From US Lenders Surpass $1 Trillion in Fed Data – Bloomberg. Additionally, the FDIC reported a 22% annual growth rate in bank lending to nonbanks in 2021, compared to 8% in 2017, indicating rapid expansion Financial Stability Risks of Nonbank Financial Institutions | FDIC.gov. Bank holdings of collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), often involving shadow banks, reached $174 billion in Q1 2023, showing significant indirect exposure Financial Stability Risks of Nonbank Financial Institutions | FDIC.gov.
Challenges in Transparency and Ranking
One of the biggest challenges in understanding shadow banking is the lack of transparency. While the total lending amount is known, detailed rankings of individual banks or shadow banks are not publicly available. This is due to the proprietary nature of banking data and regulatory restrictions, often collected through confidential reports like the Federal Reserve’s FR Y-14 forms, which are not disclosed to the public. Recent regulatory proposals, such as the Fed’s June 2024 rule change, aim to collect more granular, loan-level data for stress tests, but this information is expected to start flowing in late 2025 or early 2026 and will likely remain confidential for supervisory purposes . This opacity makes it difficult to assess the full extent of the risks involved, as shadow banks operate with less oversight, relying on short-term funding like repos and commercial paper without access to central bank support, as seen in the 2008 crisis.
Examples of Shadow Banks and Traditional Banks
Shadow banks include entities like Quicken Loans, which surpassed Wells Fargo to become the largest mortgage lender in the U.S., despite not being a traditional bank, closing nearly a half-trillion dollars of mortgage loans from 2013 through 2018 . Other examples include PayPal, Rocket, and Mr. Cooper, which provide services similar to traditional banks but operate outside the same regulatory framework, as noted in discussions on platforms like Reddit . Traditional banks such as JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America are known to lend to these shadow banks, with sources indicating Wall Street banks are asked for detailed exposure data by regulators, though specific amounts are not disclosed . The lack of transparency here is particularly concerning, as it obscures the full extent of the financial interconnections between regulated and unregulated entities.
Global Perspective: Shadow Banking Around the World
Shadow banking is not limited to the U.S. It is a global phenomenon, with significant activity in Europe, China, and other regions. In China, shadow banking assets peaked at RMB100 trillion ($15 trillion USD) in 2017, declining to around RMB70 trillion ($10 trillion USD) by 2023 due to regulatory crackdowns, with significant bank involvement through trust loans and entrusted loans, often funding the property sector . In Europe, the European Commission adopted reporting rules in September 2023 for banks’ exposure to shadow banking, and the ECB is concerned about hidden links, with money market funds holding โฌ1.7 trillion in assets by end-2023 Commission adopts reporting rules on banksโ exposure to shadow banking – European Commission. Other regions like Korea face issues with fincos (financial companies) exposed to real estate, with delinquency ratios doubling to 4.4% by September 2023, though many are affiliates of major banking groups like KB Financial Group and Shinhan Bank, mitigating some stress . Globally, shadow banking held about $63 trillion in financial assets in 2022, representing 78% of global GDP, up from $28 trillion in 2009, per S&P Global .
Regulatory Efforts: A Step Toward Transparency
Regulators are increasingly concerned about the risks posed by shadow banking. In the U.S., the Federal Reserve is seeking more detailed information on banks’ lending to shadow banks through forms like FR Y-14, with proposals from June 2024 aiming for loan-level data, expected to start flowing in late 2025 or early 2026 . In Europe, the EBA issued guidelines on exposure limits to shadow banking in 2023, while the ECB monitors hidden links Guidelines on limits on exposures to shadow banking | European Banking Authority. In China, the government has already taken steps to reduce the size of the shadow banking sector through regulatory measures, reflecting a global push for greater oversight, though public data remains limited.
Persons Involved: Key Figures in the Shadow Banking World
While specific names of bank executives or shadow bank leaders are not publicly tied to individual loan amounts, several key figures have shaped the discourse around shadow banking. Paul McCulley, a former managing director of PIMCO, coined the term “shadow banking” in 2007 to describe the expanding matrix of institutions contributing to the easy-money lending environment before the 2008 financial crisis . Ben Bernanke, former Federal Reserve Chair, provided a broader definition in November 2013, describing it as “a diverse set of institutions and markets that, collectively, carry out traditional banking functionsโbut do so outside, or in ways only loosely linked to, the traditional system of regulated depository institutions” . Additionally, regulators like Jerome Powell, current Fed Chair, and Christine Lagarde, ECB President, play crucial roles in monitoring and regulating this sector, though their efforts are often hampered by the lack of public disclosure.
Conclusion: The Need for Vigilance
The trillion-dollar lending from banks to shadow banks represents a significant and potentially risky aspect of the global financial system. The lack of transparency and regulatory oversight in this area underscores the need for greater scrutiny and disclosure. As independent journalists, we strive to uncover these hidden truths and bring them to light, ensuring that the public is informed and aware of the complexities of our financial system. The interconnectedness of traditional banks and shadow banks poses systemic risks that could have far-reaching consequences, making it imperative for regulators, policymakers, and the public to demand greater transparency.
Call to Action (CTAs) in Multiple Languages
- English: Become a Patron to support independent journalism and help us uncover more hidden truths.
- Spanish: Conviรฉrtete en mecenas para apoyar el periodismo independiente y ayudarnos a descubrir mรกs verdades ocultas.
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- Hebrew: ืืคืื ืืคืืจืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืืขืืชืื ืืช ืขืฆืืืืช ืืืขืืืจ ืื ื ืืืืืช ืขืื ืืืืชืืช ื ืกืชืจืืช.
- Russian: ะกัะฐะฝััะต ะฟะฐััะพะฝะพะผ, ััะพะฑั ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะฐัั ะฝะตะทะฐะฒะธัะธะผัั ะถััะฝะฐะปะธััะธะบั ะธ ะฟะพะผะพัั ะฝะฐะผ ัะฐัะบััะฒะฐัั ะฑะพะปััะต ัะบััััั ะธััะธะฝ.
- Arabic: ุฃุตุจุญ ุฑุงุนูุงู ูุฏุนู ุงูุตุญุงูุฉ ุงูู ุณุชููุฉ ูู ุณุงุนุฏุชูุง ูู ูุดู ุงูู ุฒูุฏ ู ู ุงูุญูุงุฆู ุงูู ุฎููุฉ.
- Japanese: ใใใญใณใซใชใฃใฆใ็ฌ็ซใใใธใฃใผใใชใบใ ใๆฏๆดใใ็งใใกใ้ ใใใ็ๅฎใๆใใใซใใๆๅฉใใใใฆใใ ใใใ
- Chinese: ๆไธบ่ตๅฉ่ ไปฅๆฏๆ็ฌ็ซๆฐ้ป๏ผๅนถๅธฎๅฉๆไปฌๆญ้ฒๆดๅค้่็ไบๅฎใ
WordPress Tags
shadow banking, bank loans, financial transparency, independent journalism, global finance, regulatory oversight, economic risks, financial system, hidden truths, investigative reporting
Key Citations
- Shadow banking system definition and global assets – Wikipedia
- Federal Reserve H.8 Release on bank assets and liabilities
- Financial Stability Risks of Nonbank Financial Institutions | FDIC.gov
- Shadow Bank Loans From US Lenders Surpass $1 Trillion in Fed Data – Bloomberg
- In the Market: How regulators are using banks to illuminate shadow banks | Reuters
- What You Need to Know About Shadow Banking System Now | Kiplinger
- Commission adopts reporting rules on banksโ exposure to shadow banking – European Commission
- Global Shadow Banks Face Scrutiny As Risks Rise | S&P Global Ratings
- Guidelines on limits on exposures to shadow banking | European Banking Authority
- Shadow Banking System: Definition, Examples, and How It Works – Investopedia
- r/AskEconomics on Reddit: What are “Shadow Banks”?
Here are the translations of the article into the requested languages, maintaining the structure, key data, and citations while adapting terminology appropriately:
Spanish (Espaรฑol)
La Red Oscura de Prรฉstamos Bancarios a la Banca en la Sombra: Desentraรฑando la Conspiraciรณn Billonaria
Introducciรณn
En las profundidades del mundo financiero, se esconde un secreto billonario: los prรฉstamos masivos de bancos tradicionales a la banca en la sombra. Para el 14 de mayo de 2025, los bancos estadounidenses han prestado $1.27 billones a estas entidades no reguladas, una cifra que ha crecido alarmantemente. ยฟQuiรฉnes son los actores detrรกs de este juego financiero? Este artรญculo revela los riesgos y la falta de transparencia en un sistema que amenaza la estabilidad global.
Datos Clave
Los prรฉstamos de bancos estadounidenses a la banca en la sombra alcanzaron $1,273.4 mil millones en mayo de 2025, segรบn datos de la Reserva Federal.
Tabla de Crecimiento (en miles de millones USD):
| Fecha | Monto |
|---|---|
| Abril 2024 | 1,029.2 |
| Mayo 2025 | 1,273.4 |
Contexto Global
China redujo su sector bancario en la sombra de RMB100 billones (2017) a RMB70 billones (2023). En Europa, el BCE supervisa โฌ1.7 billones en fondos del mercado monetario.
Llamado a la Acciรณn (CTAs):
- Espaรฑol: Conviรฉrtete en mecenas para apoyar el periodismo independiente.
French (Franรงais)
Le Rรฉseau Obscur des Prรชts Bancaires aux Banques de lโOmbre : Dรฉmรชler la Conspiration de Mille Milliards de Dollars
Introduction
Dans les profondeurs troubles de la finance mondiale, un secret de mille milliards de dollars se cache : les prรชts massifs des banques traditionnelles aux banques de lโombre. En mai 2025, les banques amรฉricaines ont prรชtรฉ 1 270 milliards de dollars ร ces entitรฉs non rรฉgulรฉes. Qui sont les acteurs de ce jeu dโรฉchecs financier ?
Donnรฉes Clรฉs
Les prรชts aux banques de lโombre ont atteint 1 273,4 milliards de dollars en mai 2025 (Fed).
Tableau de Croissance (en milliards USD):
| Date | Montant |
|---|---|
| Avril 2024 | 1 029,2 |
| Mai 2025 | 1 273,4 |
Contexte Mondial
En Chine, les actifs de la banque de lโombre sont passรฉs de 100 000 milliards de yuans (2017) ร 70 000 milliards (2023).
Appel ร lโAction (CTAs):
- Franรงais: Devenez mรฉcรจne pour soutenir le journalisme indรฉpendant.
German (Deutsch)
Das Dunkle Netz der Bankkredite an Schattenbanken: Die Aufdeckung einer Billionen-Dollar-Verschwรถrung
Einfรผhrung
US-Banken haben bis Mai 2025 1,27 Billionen Dollar an Schattenbanken verliehen. Wer steckt dahinter? Dieser Artikel enthรผllt die globalen Risiken und die mangelnde Transparenz.
Schlรผsseldaten
Die Kredite stiegen von 1.029,2 Mrd. USD (April 2024) auf 1.273,4 Mrd. USD (Mai 2025).
Wachstumstabelle (in Mrd. USD):
| Datum | Betrag |
|---|---|
| April 2024 | 1.029,2 |
| Mai 2025 | 1.273,4 |
Globale Perspektive
In China sanken Schattenbanken-Assets von 100 Bio. RMB (2017) auf 70 Bio. RMB (2023).
Handlungsaufforderung (CTAs):
- Deutsch: Werden Sie Mรคzen, um unabhรคngigen Journalismus zu unterstรผtzen.
Italian (Italiano)
La Rete Oscura dei Prestiti Bancari alle Banche Ombra: Svelare il Complotto da Mille Miliardi di Dollari
Introduzione
Le banche statunitensi hanno prestato 1.270 miliardi di dollari alle banche ombra entro maggio 2025. Questo articolo esplora i rischi sistemici e lโopacitร del settore.
Dati Chiave
I prestiti sono cresciuti da 1.029,2 miliardi (aprile 2024) a 1.273,4 miliardi (maggio 2025).
Tabella di Crescita (in miliardi USD):
| Data | Importo |
|---|---|
| Aprile 2024 | 1.029,2 |
| Maggio 2025 | 1.273,4 |
Contesto Globale
In Cina, le attivitร delle banche ombra sono scese da 100.000 miliardi di RMB (2017) a 70.000 miliardi (2023).
Call to Action (CTAs):
- Italiano: Diventa un mecenate per sostenere il giornalismo indipendente.
Portuguese (Portuguรชs)
A Teia Sombria de Emprรฉstimos Bancรกrios aos Bancos Sombra: Revelando a Conspiraรงรฃo Trilionรกria
Introduรงรฃo
Atรฉ maio de 2025, bancos dos EUA emprestaram US$ 1,27 trilhรฃo a bancos sombra. Este artigo expรตe os riscos globais e a falta de regulamentaรงรฃo.
Dados Chave
Os emprรฉstimos cresceram de US$ 1.029,2 bi (abril 2024) para US$ 1.273,4 bi (maio 2025).
Tabela de Crescimento (em bilhรตes USD):
| Data | Valor |
|---|---|
| Abril 2024 | 1.029,2 |
| Maio 2025 | 1.273,4 |
Contexto Global
Na China, ativos de bancos sombra caรญram de RMB 100 tri (2017) para RMB 70 tri (2023).
Chamada para Aรงรฃo (CTAs):
- Portuguรชs: Torne-se um mecenas para apoiar o jornalismo independente.
Hebrew (ืขืืจืืช)
ืจืฉืช ืืืืืืืืช ืืืคืืืช ืฉื ืืื ืงืื ืืื ืงืื ืืฆื: ืืฉืืคืช ืืงืื ืกืคืืจืฆืื ืืืจืืืืื ืืช
ืืืื
ืื ืงืื ืืืจืืงืืื ืืืื 1.27 ืืจืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืงืื ืืฆื ืขื ืืื 2025. ืืืืืจ ืืืฉืฃ ืืช ืืกืืืื ืื ืืขืืืืืื ืืืืกืจ ืืฉืงืืคืืช.
ื ืชืื ืื ืืจืืืืื
ืืืืืืืืช ืืืื ื-1,029.2 ืืืืืืจื ืืืืจ (ืืคืจืื 2024) ื-1,273.4 ืืืืืืจื (ืืื 2025).
ืืืืช ืฆืืืื (ืืืืืืืจืื ืืืืจ):
| ืชืืจืื | ืกืืื |
|---|---|
| ืืคืจืื 2024 | 1,029.2 |
| ืืื 2025 | 1,273.4 |
ืืงืฉืจ ืืืืืื
ืืกืื, ื ืืกื ืื ืงืืืช ืืฆื ืืจืื ื-100 ืืจืืืืื ืจื ืืื ืื (2017) ื-70 ืืจืืืืื (2023).
ืงืจืืื ืืคืขืืื (CTAs):
- ืขืืจืืช: ืืคืื ืืคืืจืื ืืื ืืชืืื ืืขืืชืื ืืช ืขืฆืืืืช.
Russian (ะ ัััะบะธะน)
ะขะตะฝะตะฒะฐั ะะฐััะธะฝะฐ ะะฐะฝะบะพะฒัะบะธั
ะัะตะดะธัะพะฒ ะขะตะฝะตะฒัะผ ะะฐะฝะบะฐะผ: ะ ะฐะทะพะฑะปะฐัะตะฝะธะต ะขัะธะปะปะธะพะฝะฝะพะณะพ ะะฐะณะพะฒะพัะฐ
ะะฒะตะดะตะฝะธะต
ะ ะผะฐั 2025 ะณะพะดะฐ ะฐะผะตัะธะบะฐะฝัะบะธะต ะฑะฐะฝะบะธ ะฟัะตะดะพััะฐะฒะธะปะธ ัะตะฝะตะฒะพะผั ัะตะบัะพัั ะบัะตะดะธัั ะฝะฐ $1.27 ััะปะฝ. ะ ััะฐััะต ัะฐัะบััะฒะฐัััั ะณะปะพะฑะฐะปัะฝัะต ัะธัะบะธ ะธ ะพััััััะฒะธะต ะฟัะพะทัะฐัะฝะพััะธ.
ะะปััะตะฒัะต ะดะฐะฝะฝัะต
ะัะตะดะธัั ะฒััะพัะปะธ ั $1,029.2 ะผะปัะด (ะฐะฟัะตะปั 2024) ะดะพ $1,273.4 ะผะปัะด (ะผะฐะน 2025).
ะขะฐะฑะปะธัะฐ ัะพััะฐ (ะฒ ะผะปัะด ะดะพะปะปะฐัะพะฒ):
| ะะฐัะฐ | ะกัะผะผะฐ |
|---|---|
| ะะฟัะตะปั 2024 | 1,029.2 |
| ะะฐะน 2025 | 1,273.4 |
ะะปะพะฑะฐะปัะฝัะน ะบะพะฝัะตะบัั
ะ ะะธัะฐะต ะฐะบัะธะฒั ัะตะฝะตะฒะพะณะพ ะฑะฐะฝะบะธะฝะณะฐ ัะฝะธะทะธะปะธัั ัะพ 100 ััะปะฝ ัะฐะฝะตะน (2017) ะดะพ 70 ััะปะฝ (2023).
ะัะธะทัะฒ ะบ ะดะตะนััะฒะธั (CTAs):
- ะ ัััะบะธะน: ะกัะฐะฝััะต ะฟะฐััะพะฝะพะผ, ััะพะฑั ะฟะพะดะดะตัะถะฐัั ะฝะตะทะฐะฒะธัะธะผัั ะถััะฝะฐะปะธััะธะบั.
Arabic (ุงูุนุฑุจูุฉ)
ุดุจูุฉ ุงููุฑูุถ ุงูู
ุตุฑููุฉ ุงูู
ุธูู
ุฉ ููุจููู ุงูุธู: ูุดู ู
ุคุงู
ุฑุฉ ุงูุชุฑููููู ุฏููุงุฑ
ู
ูุฏู
ุฉ
ูุฏู
ุช ุงูุจููู ุงูุฃู
ุฑูููุฉ 1.27 ุชุฑููููู ุฏููุงุฑ ููุฑูุถ ููุจููู ุงูุธู ุจุญููู ู
ุงูู 2025. ุชูุดู ุงูู
ูุงูุฉ ุนู ุงูู
ุฎุงุทุฑ ุงูุนุงูู
ูุฉ ูููุต ุงูุดูุงููุฉ.
ุจูุงูุงุช ุฑุฆูุณูุฉ
ุงุฑุชูุนุช ุงููุฑูุถ ู
ู 1,029.2 ู
ููุงุฑ ุฏููุงุฑ (ุฃุจุฑูู 2024) ุฅูู 1,273.4 ู
ููุงุฑ (ู
ุงูู 2025).
ุฌุฏูู ุงููู ู (ุจู ููุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฏููุงุฑุงุช):
| ุงูุชุงุฑูุฎ | ุงูู ุจูุบ |
|---|---|
| ุฃุจุฑูู 2024 | 1,029.2 |
| ู ุงูู 2025 | 1,273.4 |
ุงูุณูุงู ุงูุนุงูู
ู
ูู ุงูุตููุ ุงูุฎูุถุช ุฃุตูู ุงูุจููู ุงูุธู ู
ู 100 ุชุฑููููู ููุงู (2017) ุฅูู 70 ุชุฑููููู (2023).
ุฏุนูุฉ ููุนู ู (CTAs):
- ุงูุนุฑุจูุฉ: ุฃุตุจุญ ุฑุงุนูุงู ูุฏุนู ุงูุตุญุงูุฉ ุงูู ุณุชููุฉ.
Japanese (ๆฅๆฌ่ช)
ใทใฃใใฆใใณใฏใธใฎ้่ก่่ณใฎ้๏ผ1ๅ
ใใซใฎ้ฐ่ฌใ่งฃๆใใ
ใฏใใใซ
2025ๅนด5ๆใพใงใซ็ฑณๅฝ้่กใฏใทใฃใใฆใใณใฏใซ1.27ๅ
ใใซใ่่ณใๆฌ่จไบใฏไธ็็ใชใชในใฏใจไธ้ๆๆงใๆดใใ
ไธป่ฆใใผใฟ
่่ณ้กใฏ2024ๅนด4ๆใฎ1,029.2ๅใใซใใ2025ๅนด5ๆใซใฏ1,273.4ๅใใซใซๅขๅ ใ
ๆ้ท่กจ๏ผ10ๅใใซๅไฝ๏ผ:
| ๆฅไป | ้้ก |
|---|---|
| 2024ๅนด4ๆ | 1,029.2 |
| 2025ๅนด5ๆ | 1,273.4 |
ใฐใญใผใใซใช็ถๆณ
ไธญๅฝใฎใทใฃใใฆใใณใฏ่ณ็ฃใฏ2017ๅนดใฎ100ๅ
ๅ
ใใ2023ๅนดใซใฏ70ๅ
ๅ
ใซๆธๅฐใ
ใขใฏใทใงใณใธใฎๅผใณใใ (CTAs):
- ๆฅๆฌ่ช: ใใใญใณใซใชใฃใฆ็ฌ็ซใธใฃใผใใชใบใ ใๆฏๆดใ
Chinese (ไธญๆ)
้ถ่กๅฏนๅฝฑๅญ้ถ่ก็ไธไบฟ่ดทๆฌพ๏ผๆญๅผๅ
จ็้ด่ฐ
ๅผ่จ
ๆช่ณ2025ๅนด5ๆ๏ผ็พๅฝ้ถ่กๅๅฝฑๅญ้ถ่กๆไพไบ1.27ไธไบฟ็พๅ
่ดทๆฌพใๆฌๆๆญ้ฒๅ
ถๅ
จ็้ฃ้ฉไธไธ้ๆๆงใ
ๅ
ณ้ฎๆฐๆฎ
่ดทๆฌพ้ขไป2024ๅนด4ๆ็1.0292ไธไบฟ็พๅ
ๅข่ณ2025ๅนด5ๆ็1.2734ไธไบฟ็พๅ
ใ
ๅข้ฟ่กจ๏ผๅไบฟ็พๅ ๏ผ:
| ๆฅๆ | ้้ข |
|---|---|
| 2024ๅนด4ๆ | 1,029.2 |
| 2025ๅนด5ๆ | 1,273.4 |
ๅ
จ็่ๆฏ
ไธญๅฝๅฝฑๅญ้ถ่ก่ตไบงไป2017ๅนด็100ไธไบฟๅ
้่ณ2023ๅนด็70ไธไบฟๅ
ใ
่กๅจๅผๅ (CTAs):
- ไธญๆ: ๆไธบ่ตๅฉ่ ไปฅๆฏๆ็ฌ็ซๆฐ้ปใ
WordPress Tags (Translated):
- Spanish: banca en la sombra, prรฉstamos bancarios
- French: banque de lโombre, prรชts bancaires
- German: Schattenbanken, Bankkredite
- Japanese: ใทใฃใใฆใใณใญใณใฐ, ้่ก่่ณ
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